RAD has developed a unique portfolio of Ethernet (IP) access product solutions, ranging from intelligent customer-located demarcation devices (also known as NID or EDD) to channelized Ethernet gateways, integrated access devices, multiservice concentrators, multiplexers, and media converters. These products offer Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet conversion or Ethernet extension over or to E1, T1, n x E1or T1 (mid-band Ethernet), E3, T3, STM-1, OC-3, STM-4, and OC-12 lines. They also provide for Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet access over or to fiber optic links as well as DSL (ATM or IP). Most of these Ethernet converters or Ethernet extenders support Ethernet OAM, including 802.3ah link OAM (EFM-OAM) and service OAM (ITU Y.1731 and IEEE 802.1ag), enabling end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) to ensure service level agreements (SLAs).